Abstract
An increasing number of scientific publications on magnetic quantum dots (MQDs) have revealed the growing interest of scientific society in this area. MQDs with a size of a few nanometers can show the quantum confinement effect far superior to their bulk counterparts. Quantum confinement enhances the energy of a particle, which depends on excitonic processes and can dramatically change the optical properties of a QDs. Magnetic quantum dots are the combination of the ability of two materials (magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots) which respond as a universal tool for theragnosis. This review summarizes the optical and magnetic properties of magnetic quantum dots that permit visualization, imaging, magnetic separation and may have a therapeutic benefit. It also highlights the recent advances made in the research field of multifunctional magnetic quantum dots in catalysis, sensor, magnetic resonance imaging, cancer treatment and environmental remediation. Challenges still exist with QDs, especially a major obstacle is toxicity when contemplating various applications.
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