Abstract
Thermal and electrical hazards in the pharmaceutical industry pose a significant risk to operational safety, product integrity, and regulatory compliance. These risks arise from the high-temperature processes of exothermic reactions, electrostatic discharge, and electrical system malfunctions. As advanced technologies in continuous manufacturing and high-speed automation are increasingly integrated, the complexity and magnitude of these hazards are accelerating. According to research findings, thermal and electrical breakdowns represent over 60% of accidents in this sector, an aspect that emphasizes the greater need for advanced safety techniques. This paper compiles all current information that would define the causes and implications of hazards in this review. This focuses on many often neglected critical factors, including high energy content in processes, the volatile nature of solvents, and inadequately developed safety systems. The latest innovations in hazard mitigation, such as predictive maintenance using IoT-enabled sensors, dynamic thermal management systems, and AI-based fault detection algorithms, have demonstrated good potential for reducing incident rates. Additionally, adherence to evolving standards like ISO 45001 and advanced Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). compliance frameworks is essential for addressing these risks effectively. This review underscores the need to integrate advanced safety technologies and robust risk management frameworks by identifying gaps in current safety practices and proposing evidence-based strategies for ensuring sustainable and compliant pharmaceutical operations. Keywords: Thermal Hazards, Electrical Hazards, Pharmaceutical Industry Safety, Workplace Hazards in Pharma, Occupational Safety in Pharmaceuticals, Industrial Electrical Safety
Published Version
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