Abstract
This review summarizes the current status of chalcopyrite and kesterite thin film solar cells with a focus on sputtering based techniques. Additionally, various sputtering based approaches to fabricate absorber thin films and the advantages and challenges associated with sputtered deposited solar cells are critically reviewed, since sputtering is an industry compactible and relatively low-cost vacuum deposition technique. In addition, recent advancements and emerging concepts intended for higher efficiencies and noble applications for solar cells are reviewed. The major developments linked to composition grading, alkali post-deposition treatment, surface passivation, buffers, transparent contacts, and plasmonic enhancements are emphasized. Furthermore, development and opportunities offered by flexible and light-weight CIGS modules are also reviewed.
Published Version
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