Abstract
Biodegradable plastics, mainly represented by polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), could be a good substitute for traditional plastics because of its high biocompatibility and mechanical properties comparable to petroleum-derived plastics. However, the high-cost of raw materials and strict sterilization conditions limit the large-scale application of PHAs. Finding low cost and renewable carbon sources and strains with low environmental requirements are critical to minimize the PHAs production cost. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on PHAs production using various organic waste streams. The latest information on PHAs synthesis by pure microbial fermentation and the mixed microbial cultures fermentation technology with activated sludge as the mainstream trend was discussed. Additionally, the review addresses useful information about fermentation strategies and the factors influencing strain enrichment and PHA accumulation. Optimizing the microbial enrichment process through aerobic dynamic feeding is critical for large-scale production of PHAs. Lastly, the challenges, technical bottlenecks, and future perspectives for PHAs industrial production are also discussed.
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