A review on nuclear overhauser enhancement (NOE) and rotating-frame overhauser effect (ROE) NMR techniques in food science: Basic principles and applications

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BackgroundThe characterization of the original chemical structure and induced changes of micro- and macro-molecules using analytical techniques with concise and detailed outcomes is potentially one of the major challenges for food scientists. To this end, the non-invasive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique can play a significant role through employment of different NMR methods. The Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and rotating-frame Overhauser effect (ROE) techniques are powerful NMR methods that have attracted great interest because they provide precise information about the three dimensional spatial structure of the molecules, as well as about possible chemical reactions and interactions. Scope and approachIn this article, we reviewed the basic principles as well as applications of two NMR techniques: Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY). Hereby, we focused mainly on the applications and importance of these techniques in food science research. Both the structural (configuration and conformation) changes and the complexes formed by interacting compounds could be better studied using these techniques. Key findings and conclusionsThe inter- and intra-molecular interactions within food-based ingredient mixtures, as well as configurational and conformational analyses can be more efficiently studied with the aid of NOESY and ROESY. These methods as complementary analysis tools can be exploited for the straightforward elucidation of the spatial proximity of either novel, native or modified compounds. In the future, these techniques may be helpful to better understand the interaction between polymers, such as protein-polysaccharide interactions.