A Review on General Concept and Preparation Methods together with Characterization Techniques of Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract

Silver and its compounds have been used for thousands of years as antibacterial and medicinal agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) subsequently received much attention due to their unusual physical, chemical, and biological properties, which are mainly caused by AgNP size, structure, composition, luster, and structure compared to their bulk species. When free radicals interact with bacteria, they can cause damage to the cell membrane, enabling it to penetrate and eventually lead to cell death. Compared to other salts, silver nanoparticles have excellent antibacterial activity due to their large surface area, allowing for high interaction with bacteria. There are many techniques for producing silver nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological processes.Physical and chemical processes for making silver nanoparticles are expensive and complicated, whereas biological approaches are easier and safer to implement. In the biological and environmental areas, metal nanoparticles with controlled particle size and surface chemistry have a broad spectrum of applications. Nanomaterials must becharacterized in addition to the manufacturing procedures to explore differences in activity based on morphological distinctions. AgNPs are widely used as antibacterial agents in the field of health, food storage, textiles, and various environmental applications.So, in this systematic review, we examined silver nanoparticle preparation methods, characterization, applications, and fundamental concepts of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).