Abstract
Alkaline compounds can activate many of the inactive waste materials, these compounds containing Ca(OH)2 and Portland cement, to develop usable additional cement products. Waste materials are typically more versatile in structure than defined stated, refined materials. Adequate definition procedures are, however, available to allow materials such as fly ash and blast furnace slags to be characterized with accuracy. Progress has been made on other recycled waste materials, such as metakaolin. Cement kiln dust (CKD) produced as a by-product during cement production processes. Physical and chemical characteristics of CKD depend on the raw materials, the furnace operation process, the dust collection systems, and the type of fuel used in the manufacturing of cement clinkers. Sustainable applications of CKD and municipal solid waste in green lightweight construction materials have been investigated.
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