Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) trees have been cultivated and grown in Southern and Eastern India for thousands of years and have slowly spread all over the world. For over 4,000 years various parts of mango trees including leaf and fruit pulp have been extensively used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicines. Mango pulp and leaves contain diverse health promoting chemical constituents including mangiferin, a natural polyphenol of C-glycosylxanthone structure, with diverse pharmacological/physiological activities including the promotion of gut health and regularity, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. This review provides a detailed discussion of the nutritional benefits of mango leaf extract and mangiferin in promoting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, gastrointestinal and gut health benefits. In addition, information regarding the tissue protective, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-cancer properties, as well as for disease management and health benefits of mango leaf extracts and mangiferin will be reviewed. Furthermore, mechanistic studies involving the free radical scavenging ability of mangiferin as well as its ability to exert anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of the TNF-α and related signaling mechanisms and inducible nitric oxide synthase will be considered.
Highlights
According to Ayurveda and indigenous medical systems, mango [Mangifera indica Linn. family Anacardiaceae] is a tropical fruit with a distinctive nutritional and phytochemical composition [1,2]
This review provides a detailed discussion of the nutritional benefits of mango leaf extract and mangiferin in promoting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, gastrointestinal and gut health benefits
The results demonstrated that mangiferin exhibited increased bioaccessibility, absorption and antioxidant potential from this confectionery formulation [56]
Summary
According to Ayurveda and indigenous medical systems, mango [Mangifera indica Linn. family Anacardiaceae] is a tropical fruit with a distinctive nutritional and phytochemical composition [1,2]. According to Ayurveda and indigenous medical systems, mango [Mangifera indica Linn. Family Anacardiaceae] is a tropical fruit with a distinctive nutritional and phytochemical composition [1,2]. Earlier literature recommends mango leaves, bark, seeds, flowers, and raw and ripe fruits for a myriad of medicinal, pharmacological and health benefits [1,2,3,4,5]. Mango leaf is considered holy and sacred, and used as an integral part of all Hindu rituals from the Vedic ages. Research studies indicate that mango leaves and fruits exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, cardioprotective, anti-tumor, wound healing, anti-pyretic, anti-bacterial, anti-spasmodic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-viral, anti-microbial and anti-dysentry benefits, as well as
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