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Abstract
This study is focused on the topical issue of increasing the energy efficiency in DC railway systems, in the context of global concerns for reducing the CO2 emissions by minimizing the energy consumption and energy loss. The main achievements in this complex issue are synthesized and discussed in a comprehensive review, emphasizing the implementation and application of the existing solutions on concrete case studies. Thus, all specific subtopics related to the energy efficiency are covered, starting with power quality conditioning and continuing with the recovery of braking energy, of which a large part is lost in the classic DC-traction substations. The solutions of onboard and wayside storage systems for the braking energy are discussed and compared, and practical examples are given. Then, the achievements in transforming the existing DC-traction substations in reversible substations with capabilities of power quality improvement are systematically reviewed by illustrating the main results of recent research on this topic. They include the equipment available on the market and solutions validated through implementations on experimental models. Through the results of this extensive review, useful reference and support are provided for the research and development focused on energy efficient traction systems.
Highlights
Nowadays, DC-traction systems are preferred and extensively used in urban railways and suburban or mainline services like light and heavy metro trains
Through the onboard energy storage systems (ESSs), there is a significant contribution to the energy saving in railway systems, since the energy they store during the braking process can be used to power the vehicles systems, since the energy they store during the braking process can be used to power the vehicles themself during the accelerations
The analysis shows that the average regenerative energy produced during deceleration can reach about 50% of the acceleration energy
Summary
DC-traction systems are preferred and extensively used in urban railways and suburban or mainline services like light and heavy metro trains. A constant concern and challenge in industrial and academic research is finding and implementing new solutions and approaches to increase the energy efficiency in DC railway traction systems It is generated by the awareness of the need for significant improvement in power quality (affected by the operation of the traction rectifier), reducing the CO2 emissions by reducing energy consumption, or reusing the regenerative braking energy to the fullest extent possible. Getting energy-efficient traction systems through some measures, such as reducing energy losses in the power supply network and onboard traction equipment, vehicle mass reduction, reducing the energy consumption of comfort functions, and infrastructure-related measures, is possible [32] This particular topic is not intended to be developed in this paper. Some new trends are summarized and concluding remarks are formulated
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