“A Review of Nanofiber: Current Progress in Application of Polymeric Nanofibers to Tissue Engineering”

Abstract

Numerous types of polymer nanofibers have been developed to serve as synthetic alternatives to extracellular matrix (ECM). Among these, electrospinning is a widely used technique for the production of nanofibrous scaffolds. This method creates nanofibers having a porous structure and a large specific surface area. Both organic and artificial Electrospun polymers have been used to create a fibrous framework that mimics the ECM and promotes cell activity. Tissue engineering is a technology that uses biomaterials, chemistry, and cell biology to create tissues in three dimensions (3D) that closely resemble the matrix extracellular in structure. The ECM is formed by braiding nanofibrous structures together. Electrospinning is widely used in the creation of nanofibrous scaffolds. It produces porous nanofibers with a highly particular surface area. The electrospinning technique and the parameters of the solution strongly influence the nanofibers' structural shape and assembly. By combining natural or synthetic polymers used in electrospun nanofibers, their function can be modified. Furthermore, electrospun nanofibers can be functionalized using a range of surface modification methods. This work presents the latest advancements in electrospun nanofiber synthesis and describes various methods for surface modification of the scaffolds to increase their activity. There is also discussion of the use of cutting-edge polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds in human vascular tissue regeneration, ligaments, and tendons.