A Review of Human Microbiomes on the Regulation of Body's Hidden Ecosystem

Abstract

Trillions of bacteria live in and on the human body that makes up the human microbiome, which is a key factor in determining both human health and disease. A diverse collection of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes that cohabit with their host is known as the human microbiome. Although it can be found throughout the body, it is primarily found in the colon. This intricate ecology is essential for functions including immunity, metabolism, and digestion. For example, bacteria in the colon contribute to the production of vital vitamins, the breakdown of complex carbohydrates, and the defense against infections. Studies have demonstrated the connection between dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbiome’s composition, and several illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, obesity, and allergies. Technological developments, especially high-throughput DNA sequencing, have completely changed our capacity to research the microbiome. This review demonstrates how lifestyle, environmental, and genetic variables interact to shape each person's distinct microbiome. This knowledge has enormous potential for adjusting dietary and medicinal therapies according to a person's microbiome profile. In summary, the human microbiome exerts a profound influence on health and is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases.