Abstract
Even though various commercial Smart City solutions are widely available on the market, we are still witnessing their rather limited adoption, where solutions are typically bound to specific verticals or remain in pilot stages. In this paper we argue that the lack of a Smart City regulatory framework is one of the major obstacles for a wider adoption of Smart City services in practice. Such framework should be accompanied by examples of good practice which stress the necessity of adopting interoperable Smart City services. Development and deployment of Smart City services can incur significant costs to cities, service providers and sensor manufacturers, and thus it is vital to adjust national legislation to ensure legal certainty to all stakeholders, and at the same time to protect interests of the citizens and the state. Additionally, due to a vast number of heterogeneous devices and Smart City services, both existing and future, their interoperability becomes vital for service replicability and massive deployment leading to digital transformation of future cities. The paper provides a classification of technical and regulatory characteristics of IoT services for Smart Cities which are mapped to corresponding roles in the IoT value chain. Four example use cases are chosen—Smart Parking, Smart Metering, Smart Street Lighting and Mobile Crowd Sensing—to showcase the legal implications relevant to each service. Based on the analysis, we propose a set of recommendations for each role in the value chain related to regulatory requirements of the aforementioned Smart City services. The analysis and recommendations serve as examples of good practice in hope that they will facilitate a wider adoption and longevity of IoT-based Smart City services.
Highlights
In the last decade cities around the world are investing considerable effort into transformation towards the so called smart or intelligent cities, i.e., cities that are self-sustainable and understand the importance of its physical and digital infrastructure
While analyzing relevant literature and existing Smart City projects, we came to the conclusion that there are still gaps related to the analysis of regulatory aspects of Smart City services, their interoperability requirements and relevant best practices
Based on the comparison of Smart City services using the proposed taxonomy and roles explained in the Internet of Things (IoT) value chain model, we identify regulatory recommendations which are important for each role
Summary
In the last decade cities around the world are investing considerable effort into transformation towards the so called smart or intelligent cities, i.e., cities that are self-sustainable and understand the importance of its physical and digital infrastructure. Cities are investing in their infrastructure primarily to improve the performance of relevant city services [1], since it is well known, even from the Roman times, that investment in infrastructure (e.g., roads in Roman times) results with economic growth. With the introduction of new or even upgraded infrastructure based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT), cities are becoming more efficient, sustainable and friendlier to citizens by improving their quality of life in all aspects. While analyzing relevant literature and existing Smart City projects, we came to the conclusion that there are still gaps related to the analysis of regulatory aspects of Smart City services, their interoperability requirements and relevant best practices.
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