A Reappraisal of Various Animal Models used in Periodontology with Future Perspectives and Alternatives

Abstract

Periodontitis is an inflammatory infectious disease that occurs when the supporting tissues of the teeth are infected by a mix of gram-positive bacteria (GPB), and anaerobic bacteria. Periodontitis must be treated as soon as possible to avoid more injury and worsening of the condition. Prior to evaluating new treatments, animal studies are used in conjunction with in vitro studies in periodontitis research. Even though cultured cells can be used to examine physiological processes that occur in periodontitis development, the complex host response that is at the root of the illness is impossible to replicate in vitro. Mice, rats, rabbits, hamsters, nonhuman primates, dogs, and pigs have all been used to imitate human periodontitis, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. Animals have played an important part in researching periodontal diseases and developing effective treatments. There is a limitation in the usage of large animals due to their housing problems. Animals for periodontitis are selected based on their resemblance with that human structure and functioning. The usage of these animals will aid in the better and more precise replication of human disease. This will improve the disease’s prognosis and treatment outcome. As a result, the medications utilized can provide a better indication of the effect they will have on the human body based on the effects they have on animal models. Therefore, it is critical to use appropriate animals in periodontal research in order to develop improved treatments for these disorders. Thus, animal models play a crucial role in periodontal research. Keywords: Animal models; Bacteria; In vitro; Periodontitis; Treatment.