Animal Models in Periodontal Research: A Mini-Review of the Literature

Abstract

Introduction: Animal models have been extensively used in periodontal research to investigate the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, use of dental implants, periodontal tissue regeneration and other procedures. However, there is in the literature a lack of information regarding the frequency of using animal models in periodontal research. Aim of the study: To address the most preferred animal models demonstrated in the literature within the field of periodontal research. Methods: A search of the literature in PubMed was performed between March 1967 and February 2008. The search strategy included the combination of the terms “Animal Models” AND “Periodontology”. Inclusion and exclusion criteria of studies were set. Eight subsections of studies were defined; Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Studies, Peri-implant Tissue Studies, Bone Healing Investigations, Periodontitis Model Descriptions, Laser Application, New Animal Model Description, Implant Studies and Bone Regeneration Investigations. Results: Of the107 studies addressed, only 82 studies met the inclusion criteria. Dogs were the most animal models used (31.16%), monkeys came at the second level (15.58%), and then rats (10.66%), pigs, ferrets and sheep (1.64%) and finally goats (0.82%). Conclusion: Dogs showed the most animal model used in periodontal research, especially in the periodontal tissue regeneration studies and as periodontal disease models. Monkeys came at a second level and, at last, came other animals. A gold animal model in periodontology does not exist since every application requires a model that fills specific needs. This work was done in the department of Periodontology Faculty of Dental Medicine – Witten/Herdecke University.