A Randomized Crossover Study Highlighting the Resistant Starch Consumption Effects on Glycemic Control and Glycemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

This study was designed to determine the effects of native banana starch and high-amylose maize starch on glycemic control and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes when treatments were matched for digestible starch content. In a randomized, crossover study, continuous glucose monitoring was performed in 17 participants (aged 28 – 65 years, BMI \(\ge\) 25 kg/m2, both genders) consuming native banana starch, high-amylose maize starch or digestible maize starch for 4 days. Native banana starch and high-amylose maize starch induced an increase in 24 h mean blood glucose during days 2 to 4 (p < 0.05). Continuous overlapping net glycemic action, glycemic risk assessment in diabetes equation and J-index values were higher in high-amylose maize starch compared with digestible maize starch only at day 4 (p < 0.05). Yet, native banana starch intake provoked a reduction in fasting glycemia changes from baseline compared with digestible maize starch (p = 0.0074). In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, resistant starch from two sources did not improve glycemic control or glycemic variability. Future longer studies are needed to determine whether these findings were affected by a different baseline microbiota or other environmental factors.