A proof of Kolmogorov’s theorem on invariant tori using canonical transformations defined by the Lie method

Abstract

In this paper a proof is given of Kolmogorov’s theorem on the existence of invariant tori in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. The scheme of proof is that of Kolmogorov, the only difference being in the way canonical transformations near the identity are defined. Precisely, use is made of the Lie method, which avoids any inversion and thus any use of the implicit-function theorem. This technical fact eliminates a spurious ingredient and simplifies the establishment of a central estimate.