- “A Profecia ou O Mistério da Morte de Tut-Ank-Amon” (1924) de Fernando de Carvalho Henriques. Ecos literários em Portugal da descoberta do túmulo de Tutankhamon

Editor's evaluation: Dopaminergic challenge dissociates learning from primary versus secondary sources of information

The minimum power output of free field point sources and the active control of sound

Constraints on primary and secondary particulate carbon sources using chemical tracer and 14C methods during CalNex-Bakersfield

A preliminary study on the antibacterial activity and insect repellent properties of embalming fluids from the 18th Dynasty (1550–1292 BCE) in ancient Egypt

Ancient pigments were analyzed using PIXE and XRD methods in the laboratory, which were painted on ancient Egyptian monuments. On the other hand, those on monuments remaining with entire shape were investigated using the hand-held type of an XRF spectrometer and an X-ray diffractometer in the field. For the laboratory experiment, several wall fragments of the Malqata palace in ancient Egypt (18th Dynasty, ca. 1390 B.C.) were investigated. In the field experiment, the block of Ramesses II (19th Dynasty, ca. 1270 B.C.), the Wooden Coffin of Neb-sny (18th Dynasty, ca. 1400 B.C.), the Funerary Stele of Amenemhat (11th Dynasty, ca. 2000 B.C.), and the painted walls of the Tomb of Userhat (18th Dynasty, ca. 1400 B.C.) were investigated. From white and blue colored parts, huntite and Egyptian blue were found, respectively, which are a very rare mineral and an artificial pigment prepared only in ancient Egypt, respectively.

First-grader students engaged in a guided historical inquiry about Abraham Lincoln. The teacher carefully intertwined historical content, close reading, critical thinking, and text-based writing during Reading, Writing, and Social Studies classes. Students scrutinized secondary sources, which were largely biographies of Lincoln, to build their historical schemas. The first-graders analyzed primary sources—which were intentionally selected to mitigate historical gaps within secondary sources—in order to establish historical significance and make intertextual connections. Students formulated emerging historical understandings through extemporaneous text-based writing, which were later used to draft, revise, and resubmit expository essays. Students’ verbal contributions were far more nuanced than written communications, which their budding fine-motor writing skills limited. Children exhibited critical and historical thinking during whole-class classroom dialogue, small-group discussion, and individual interactions, such as when asked to clarify their writing. Students completed an age-appropriate adaptation of informed action. Teachers and research can gain rich, nuanced understandings from close examinations of students’ reading, writing, and thinking.

The choice of the parameters of the secondary sound source which contain the number、 position and strength is a key part in the design of active noise control system of power transformer. Countering the practical applications environment of noise control of transformer, acoustic radiation model in half-free space is established. After selecting the sum of the squared sound pressures of the observation points as the objective function, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the position of secondary sound source and the optimal source intensity can be resolved by using the analytical method. By single frequency experiment, the availability of applying optimization scheme of the secondary sound sources to practical transformer noise control is verified. Introduction With the rapid development of the national economy and the city extensions, the high voltage transmission line is introduced into the urban area, and many large capacity and high voltage power transformers are also entered into the urban area. The noise generated by the normal operation of power transformer will have a serious impact on the daily life and rest of the nearby residents, so people pay more and more attention to the noise pollution caused by this problem[1]. The problem of noise control is becoming more and more important. In principle, active noise control (ANC) can be viewed as the superposition of a secondary sound field, generated by the control system, on a primary, disturbing sound field such that the residual sound field is as small as possible. So, basically, the objective of the active control system is to generate a secondary sound field that matches the primary sound field as closely as possible, both in time and in space. Compared with the traditional passive technology, active noise control technique is especially suitable for low frequency noise. An active noise control system is mainly divided into physical and electronic part. The purpose of the physical design is to determine the number of secondary sound sources and its locations and strength in the acoustic field. The choice of the parameters of the secondary sound source not only affects the stability of the whole control system, but also affects the control effect of the noise.A great amount of literature has focused on the control strategies or algorithms, but little research has been conducted in addressing the optimized design of the ANC physical system. In practical engineering applications, there are only some areas have the requirement of noise control such as residential building near the substation. In order to achieve the purpose of local spatial noise cancellation, Mazzanti [5] proposed to use the array type secondary source to achieve the purpose of local spatial noise reduction. In paper[6], the influence of the relative parameters of the secondary sound source array, such as the number of the secondary sound source, the distance between the secondary sound source, and the distance between the secondary sound source and the noise source, is analyzed in theory, and the numerical simulation is carried out. The simulation studies the influence of the relative parameters by a single variable method. A multi-level sub array active control theory is proposed and applied to the local spatial control of the low frequency noise in[7]. In this paper, the influence of the number 3rd International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Information Technology Applications (ICMMITA 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1206 of secondary sound sources and the spatial position of the secondary sound source is obtained by calculation and simulation based on the noise data of the transformer. In paper [8-9], a typical control arrangement with multiple secondary sources and multiple error sensors equally spaced in two parallel lines is proposed and results from computer simulation and experiments in an anechoic chamber show that there exists a range of optimal spacing for the secondary sources and error sensors. But the primary sound source can’t simply be considered as a point sound source, so it is difficult to achieve the design goal in the practical engineering applications. Through referring existed literature, being aimed to the application environment of transformer noise cancellation, the optimization parameter of different number secondary source is obtained by the combination method of analytical method and Genetic algorithm. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the optimization scheme. Acoustic radiation model of transformer noise field Model of primary and secondary sound sources Given that the noise of power transformer radiated mainly by surface outward, and the size of power transformer is close to the half wavelength of acoustic wave, the radiation model of power transformer can be simplified to the model of the pulse spherical sound source neglecting the harmonic time factor j t e  .And the radiation pressure can be expressed as Eq. 1:

In this paper, global free-field cancellation in the region exterior to a single compact primary source is discussed. The nature of the secondary source or sources required to achieve such cancellation, either globally or in particular regions, is a subject of current interest. In particular, results are presented that relate to global cancellation of a primary monopole’s sound field by the use of a single, multipole secondary source. The secondary multipole component source strengths required to achieve global cancellation can be found in a number of ways. For example, they may be obtained directly from a multipole expansion of the primary monopole sound field, as originally suggested by Kempton. However, improved attenuation can be achieved by choosing the secondary multipole component source strengths to minimize the total sound power radiated by the combination of primary and secondary sources. Closed form solutions for secondary multipole component strengths have been derived for both the latter case and for Kempton’s approach and are presented here along with formulae for the corresponding reductions of sound power and sound pressure. It will also be shown that it is more efficient in some instances to use a secondary multipole than an array of secondary monopoles for global cancellation. However, the primary conclusion of the present work is that useful levels of global far-field cancellation may be obtained by using secondary sources of higher than monopole order placed at a relatively large fraction of a wavelength from the primary source.

Second-graders engaged in complex reading, writing, and thinking about Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Close readings of secondary and primary sources situated students to discover incongruencies between what is reported within trade-books and what is revealed within historical documents. Scaffolding directed students’ scrutiny of secondary sources for historical gaps and of primary sources for historical significance. The scaffolding was differentiated for both text-based and visually oriented primary sources. The assessment—creation of a faux primary source—was discipline-specific and completed through peer- and teacher-led review. Students demonstrated historical literacy, thinking, and argumentation during different phases of this guided inquiry. Teachers and researchers can gain rich, nuanced understandings from examining classroom-based learning.

History is constructed by people who study the past. It is created through working on both primary and secondary sources that historians use to learn about people, events, and everyday life in the past. Just like detectives, historians look at clues, sift through evidence, and make their own interpretations. Historical knowledge is, therefore, the outcome of a process of enquiry. During last century, the teaching of history has changed considerably. The use of sources, viz. textual, visual, and oral, in school classrooms in many parts of the world has already become an essential part of teaching history. However, in India, it is only a recent phenomenon. Introducing students to primary sources and making them a regular part of classroom lessons help students develop critical thinking and deductive reasoning skills. These will be useful throughout their lives. This paper highlights the benefits of using primary source materials in a history classroom and provides the teacher, with practical suggestions and examples of how to do this.

In 1906, Charles T. Currelly participated in excavations at Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, recovering votive offerings from the Temple of Hathor (Dynasty XVIII, reign of Hatshepsut, 1479–1458 BCE). These objects became part of the founding collection of the Royal Ontario Museum, where Currelly served as the first director. Among the offerings are several paintings on linen cloth. During examination of one painted textile, a border fringe with cream (suspected undyed), yellow and blue looped threads was sampled and analysed for dyes using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The yellow threads were found to contain a tannin-rich dyestuff, likely derived from Rhus spp., a common dye in ancient Egypt. Unexpectedly, the blue threads yielded brominated-indigoid marker compounds, indicating the use of a Murex-derived dye. While purple shellfish dye is rare due to the high cost of its complex production, blue shellfish dye is even more exceptional and has only been identified a handful of times on archaeological textiles. Calculated values of di-brominated to mono-brominated indigoid compounds suggests the dye originated from an indigotin-rich type of Hexaplex trunculus snail, a Mediterranean species. This finding represents a rare example of blue shellfish dye use in ancient Egypt and provides new insights into the dyeing technologies of Dynasty XVIII and the importance of this sky-blue colour in the worship of the goddess Hathor.

The study examines how the discovery of crude oil in Nigeria gave birth to the recent phenomena of multinationalisation/internationalisation of business and globalisation which brought together people from different socio-cultural backgrounds to work together in the various workplaces thereby making managing diversity problematic. With the resulting challenges, the paper presents the need for greater attention to be placed on examining the complexities of workplace diversity in the Nigerian workplace and the implication for the future of multinational businesses and their employees in this location. Study Design: This paper relies on descriptive qualitative research methodology and will examine the impact of the influx of foreign workers on the already diverse workforce Place and Duration of Study: Nigeria from 1950's (before the discovery of crude oil) to 1956 (after the discovery of oil) Methods and Methodology: The study relied on secondary sources of data on non-oil exports (cocoa beans, in the South-West, Groundnut in the North and Oil palm in the South East) in the 1950's and the discovery of crude oil in 1956 at Oloibiri. This paper employs a descriptive and historical research methodology through secondary

The article focuses on the early scholarship of the Soviet Egyptologist Mikhail Korostovtsev (1900–1980), who dedicated himself to historical research only in the second part of his life. His academic works prior to the Second World War were not numerous, but his dissertation about Egyptian slavery during the 18th dynasty became an important text marking a new stage in the Soviet historiography of antiquity because the theory of the ‘slave-owning society’ was considered to be the sign of ‘true’ Marxism-Leninism. Korostovtsev’s understanding of the social structure of the Ancient Near East was substantially influenced by his supervisor Vasiliy Struve, but Korostovtsev was not merely a disciple of Struve, for his own work with ancient sources and his conclusions show much higher accuracy than Struve’s. Moreover, he found no evidence for a large number of slaves during the 18th dynasty, neither among the captive slaves nor among the private ones, except for a few examples that do not prove a widespread distribution of slavery. In this respect we could think of Korostovtsev as of a disciple of Yuri Perepyolkin, because in the same years he defended the ideas of Perepyolkin in his letters to Abram Ranovich: according to Korostovtsev, Marxist theory would become fruitless if it rushed to generalizations without proper verification by facts. In his own research, however, Korostovtsev was only balancing between the asserted generalizations about slavery in ancient Egypt and the actual evidence for the relatively modest spread of slavery during the 18th dynasty.

Early in the 18th Dynasty, the Egyptian kings conquered their southern neighbors, the C-Group, Pan Grave, and Kerman populations of Nubia. After the conquest, there were significant changes in the material culture of the region, as evidenced by new Egyptian-style mortuary practices and the presence of Egyptian pottery in burials. This “Egyptianization” of the local population has been discussed by many scholars; however, discussions are generally focused on the burials of the Nubian elites who were integrated into the Egyptian administrative structure and who built elaborate Egyptian-style tombs. While many non-elite cemeteries were excavated in Lower Nubia during the UNESCO salvage campaign in the 1960s, only one, Fadrus, received any robust analytical treatment. Other cemeteries, while published, are rarely discussed in the literature. However, given the cultural variation present in Lower Nubia prior to the conquest, it should be expected that other cemeteries might have acculturated to different extents, or even resisted adopting Egyptian culture entirely. ,This dissertation makes use of recent methodological developments in the field of mortuary studies and new theoretical frameworks of cultural change to perform a quantitative and qualitative analysis of several cemeteries in the Princedom of Tekhet, a region excavated by the Sudanese Joint Expedition to Lower Nubia and the Oriental Institute Nubian Expedition. In order to better describe the nature of the material, this analysis adopts a cultural entanglement framework, which aims to archaeologically identify and highlight the creative potential of liminal spaces. As a model, it considers objects not only by their culture of origin, but also how they are used and how visual motifs and manufacturing processes can be “entangled” in colonial situations. Ultimately, the application of this framework aims to present a more nuanced picture of the changes in Lower Nubia during the 18th Dynasty.,The first part of this study involves reevaluating the dates of the tombs within the two concessions through the creation of an updated ceramic typology. The application of this typology demonstrates in many instances that the original dates assigned by the excavators were incorrect, and thus significantly alters our understanding of the socioeconomic changes brought about by the Egyptian occupation, particularly the time frame in which these took place. It seems evident that certain Nubian populations began burying their dead in Egyptianized fashion in the early 18th dynasty, not long after the conquest. The greatest number of Egyptianized burials date to the mid-18th dynasty, while evidence for late 18th dynasty burials are rare, suggesting that most of the Egyptianized cemeteries were no longer in use by that time. Changes to the economic and administrative system in the region were likely key players in these changes.,The second part of this study consists of a statistical analysis of the OINE and SJE tombs, following three main lines of investigation – changes in socioeconomic status over time, the effects of age and gender on burial treatment, and a search for evidence of cultural entanglement in the burial record. The analysis shows that there was significantly more variation, both intra- and inter-cemetery, than has previously been thought – different populations and individuals adopted aspects of Egyptian culture in varying ways. The continued existence of traditional Nubian-style burials alongside more Egyptianized cemeteries further emphasizes the fact that the Egyptianization of Lower Nubia involved a complex, culturally entangled web of individuals and groups, drawing on customs from different cultures as needed.

PurposeThis paper seeks to provide instructional methods for using simulations to teach primary and secondary sources within a social studies classroom. Classroom simulations provide students with authentic opportunities to engage in meaningful learning experiences that are both hands-on in nature and promote the use of critical thinking.Design/methodology/approachThis paper opted to describe an approach to teach students about primary and secondary sources through a classroom simulation. Step-by-step instruction was provided via an included table, so that readers can recreate the lesson in their own classrooms.FindingsThis paper offers insights about how simulations can be used to provide students an authentic experience with primary and secondary sources. These experiences include opportunities to critically think about the benefits and limitations that both primary and secondary sources offer students while engaging in historical inquiry.Practical implicationsThis paper is designed for teachers to utilize and replicate in their own social studies classrooms.Originality/valueThis paper recognizes the important role that primary and secondary sources have in the social studies classroom. Through an original approach, using simulations, the authors present a unique perspective on how to teach about primary and secondary sources in a manner that supports historical inquiry.