Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of lysine butyrate (LysB) to sodium (NaB) and tributyrin (TB). Methods: Ten men (29.1 ± 10.4yr) completed this randomized, three-arm, crossover clinical trial (#NCT06700785) over four visits (a screening and three testing visits). Serum butyrate and indices of affect (well-being, calm/relaxed, stressed/anxious, mood, motivation to perform tasks, alertness, and concentration) were measured prior to product ingestion, and 20-, 45-, 90-, 150-, and 210-min post-ingestion. Each butyrate product delivered a total amount of 786 mg of butyric acid. Results: There was a trend for an interaction (p=0.095) for serum butyrate concentrations, however there were no post hoc differences over time or between treatments. NaB (144±214µg/mL/min, p=0.042, d=0.75) and LysB (189±306µg/mL/min, p=0.023, d=0.86) had a significantly greater AUC0-210 than TB (108±190µg/mL/min). NaB (2.51±4.13µg/mL, p<0.001, d=1.66) and LysB (4.53±7.56µg/mL, p=0.007, d=1.11) had a significantly greater Cmax than TB (0.91±1.65µg/mL). NaB (22.5±7.91min, p=0.008, d=1.21) and LysB (20.0±0.0min, p=0.004, d=1.45) had a significantly lower Tmax than TB (51.5±21.7min). There was a main effect of time for well-being (p=0.005), calm and relaxed (p=0.013), mood (p=0.002), motivation to perform tasks (p=0.040), alertness (p=0.035), and a treatment trend for concentration (p=0.063) while there were no differences between treatments over time for stressed and anxious (p>0.10). Conclusions: This study is among the first to simultaneously evaluate three commercially available butyrate formulations in a controlled setting, which may help inform formulation-specific therapeutic strategies in the future. This PK study demonstrates that LysB and NaB exhibit greater bioavailability and more rapid systemic appearance compared to TB.
Published Version
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