A perturbation-based approach for solving fractional-order Volterra–Fredholm integro differential equations and its convergence analysis

Abstract

The present work considers the approximation of solutions of a type of fractional-order Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations, where the fractional derivative is introduced in Caputo sense. In addition, we also present several applications of the fractional-order differential equations and integral equations. Here, we provide a sufficient condition for existence and uniqueness of the solution and also obtain an a priori bound of the solution of the present problem. Then, we discuss about the higher-order model equation which can be written as a system of equations whose orders are less than or equal to one. Next, we present an approximation of the solution of this problem by means of a perturbation approach based on homotopy analysis. Also, we discuss the convergence analysis of the method. It is observed through different examples that the adopted strategy is a very effective one for good approximation of the solution, even for higher-order problems. It is shown that the approximate solutions converge to the exact solution, even for higher-order fractional differential equations. In addition, we show that the present method is highly effective compared to the existed method and produces less error.