Abstract
LTE Small cells like Femto cells are being deployed in enterprises and residential buildings to improve data rates of indoor users who experience low Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) from Macro Base Stations (MBSs). Deployment of Femto cells inside a building can lead to signal leakage at the edges/corners of the buildings. This causes cross-tier interference and degrades the performance of users in High Interference Zone (HIZone) around the building area, who are connected to one of the MBSs in LTE Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). Hybrid Access Femto cells (HAFs) can ensure QoS for paid Subscriber Group (SG) users by giving them preferential access to resource blocks over non-SG (NSG) users and also improve the throughput of LTE HetNet system by serving nearby NSG users. In this work, we address various challenges involved in deployment and operation of HAFs in indoor environments by proposing an Optimal Placement of Femto cell (OPF) model, a dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (BWA) mechanism for splitting resource blocks between SG and NSG users, a dynamic power control mechanism to mitigate co-tier and cross-tier interference in HetNets and an Enhanced Priority (EP) scheduling mechanism to give more priority to SG users over NSG users.During peak traffic load scenarios, HAFs may not be able to guarantee QoS of both indoor and HIZone users connected to them. As HAFs are primarily meant for indoor users, HAFs employ an Optimal Power Control (OPC) mechanism to tune their transmit powers so that HIZone users are offloaded to near-by MBSs. Since the OPC is a Mixed Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) problem, we put forth a Sub-Optimal Power Control (SOPC) mechanism. The SOPC mechanism boosts the throughput of MBSs by almost 62% over the traditional 3GPP proposed enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Co-ordination (eICIC) mechanism for 300 users in the HetNet system. Also, the proposed EP scheduling mechanism maintains Jain’s fairness index of 0.99 for both SG and NSG users while providing a 40% higher per user throughput than that obtained with the legacy proportional fair and Priority Set schedulers.
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