Abstract
Conventional sensor nodes are often battery-powered, and battery power limits the overall lifetime of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Wireless charging technology can be implemented in WSNs to supply power to sensor nodes and resolve the problem of restricted battery power. This type of mixed network is called wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). Therefore, wireless charger deployment is a crucial task in WRSNs. In this study, the method of placing wireless chargers to efficiently extend the lifetime of the WRSNs is addressed. Owing to the data forwarding effect in WSNs, sensor nodes that are closer to the data collection or sink node drain more power than nodes that are further away from the data collection or sink node. Therefore, this study proposes a novel hybrid search and removal strategy for the power balance charger deployment method. The wireless chargers are placed in the chosen nodes of the WRSNs. The node-chosen problem we address is called the dominating set problem. The proposed hybrid search and removal strategy attempts to discover the minimum number of chargers required to cover all sensor nodes in the WRSN. The proposed algorithm considers the charging power of the wireless directional charger when arranging its placement to maximize the charging capacity in a power-balanced prerequisite. Therefore, the proposed deployment strategy preserves the awareness of the presence of the sink node that could result in unbalanced power distribution in WRSNs. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy spares more chargers and achieves better energy efficiency than other deployment approaches.
Highlights
In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the amount of power provided by the battery determines whether each sensor can operate normally
Solar energy-based sensors are affected by environmental factors, and the efficiency of WSNs is significantly affected by different environments
Assume orientation (RPRO) and power balance aware deployment (PBAD) [10] algorithms using directional that the reception energy consumption of the sink node is 0.6 units/reception
Summary
In a wireless sensor network (WSN), the amount of power provided by the battery determines whether each sensor can operate normally. To solve the problem of limited battery power, scholars have proposed studies on the design of energy-efficient routing protocols [1] and energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to reduce energy consumption [2]. Some researchers have proposed wireless charging technology, which can solve the problem of sensor battery power limitation, fundamentally solving the WSN lifetime problem [3]. Because the power supply of the sensors has a significant impact on the performance of the WSNs, this study attempts to find a deployment strategy that can effectively reduce the number of wireless chargers while maximizing the charging capacity. The deployment given by the proposed SMRU strategy can effectively reduce the required number of directional chargers and preserve good charging utility.
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