Abstract
Traditional sensor nodes are usually battery powered, and the limited battery power constrains the overall lifespan of the sensors. Recently, wireless power transmission technology has been applied in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to transmit wireless power from the chargers to the sensor nodes and solve the limited battery power problem. The combination of wireless sensors and wireless chargers forms a new type of network called wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). In this research, we focus on how to effectively deploy chargers to maximize the lifespan of a network. In WSNs, the sensor nodes near the sink consume more power than nodes far away from the sink because of frequent data forwarding. This important power unbalanced factor has not been considered, however, in previous charger deployment research. In this research, a power balance aware deployment (PBAD) method is proposed to address the power unbalance in WRSNs and to design the charger deployment with maximum charging efficiency. The proposed deployment method is effectively aware of the existence of the sink node that would cause unbalanced power consumption in WRSNs. The simulation results show that the proposed PBAD algorithm performs better than other deployment methods, and fewer chargers are deployed as a result.
Highlights
In the past, due to the limitations of battery power, the lifetimes of sensors used in wireless sensor networks heavily depended on the energy provided by the batteries, which made the stability of the whole network greatly uncertain
In order to overcome the power constraints of sensing devices, various discussions relating to the concept of wireless power transmission have been started in recent years [3], and the related studies have provided some solutions to the limited lifetimes of wireless sensor networks
We demonstrate the results using different numbers of chargers, different numbers of sensors, and different charging demands to show that the proposed power balance aware deployment (PBAD) algorithm achieves better coverage and has better charging power
Summary
Due to the limitations of battery power, the lifetimes of sensors used in wireless sensor networks heavily depended on the energy provided by the batteries, which made the stability of the whole network greatly uncertain. In a study by Liao [12], the coverage area of the chargers was conical, and the sleep schedule of the charger s was considered in order to reduce the and placed omnidirectional wireless chargers on various grid points. Their deployment took into consideration the moving paths of mobile sensors. These studies did not consider the unbalanced power consumption effect caused by forwarding data to the sink node. Deploying directional sensor networks with guaranteed connectivity and coverage. [14]
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