A New Perspective of Solar Renewable Energy for South Italy Using the Floating Photovoltaic System

Abstract

In recent years, renewable energy sources use has been growing rapidly worldwide. Solar energy is considered one of the most valid alternative energies thanks to its applicability worldwide. Furthermore, the solar energy is a continuous resource always available compared to other energy alternatives. The main technologies currently applied to the use of solar energy are photovoltaic systems. Recently, the installation of photovoltaic systems was carried out on the agricultural land creating a paradox, as it caused a conversion of land use and transformations in the agricultural landscape with negative impacts on the human well-being. Currently, a valid alternative for the exploitation of solar energy using photovoltaic systems is represented by floating photovoltaic systems. This type of system involves the positioning of photovoltaic systems on the free surface of the water of natural lakes or artificial water basins reducing the exploitation of the agricultural land resource. In particular, the photovoltaic floating system consists of a floating system, mooring system, photovoltaic system and cables that run in the water. Floating systems open-up new opportunities and scenarios to increase the production of solar energy, especially in countries with a high population density and where the natural and anthropic components are strongly interconnected and mutually conditioned. The purpose of this report is to briefly describe the design hypothesis of a floating photovoltaic system of the power between 90-100 MW, to be positioned on the free water surface of the Esaro Lake in the Municipality of Roggiano Gravina (CS). The socio-economic and environmental benefits of these types of plants will be examined on the basis of other plants already developed in the world. In addition, project indications will be provided with estimates of expected production and economic benefits. From the conducted analysis, it emerges that this type of Floating PV can allow for the reduction of soil consumption and increase the energy productivity considering the construction of photovoltaic systems on the ground with the same power. Therefore, the floating photovoltaic systems better meet the main objectives of sustainable development in the economic, social and ecological sphere compared to traditional ground PV plants.