Abstract
The design concept of a fully automatic refrigerator operating down to 3·5 K is presented. It should function as a self-contained laboratory tool requiring only water cooling and mains electricity. Engineering problems are discussed and to fulfil the requirements of reliability, quietness, and freedom from vibration, a basic design of two heat pump stages and a third Joule-Thomson stage has been adopted. The performance of various heat pump cycles is compared and a new cycle is described which has significant advantages for a laboratory environment. Construction and performance details are given of the refrigerator which utilizes the new cycle and which has operated for over 2000 hours without fault. Approximately 1 W is available at 4·2 K as well as refrigeration at 15 K and 70 K.
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