A Multiband E-Shaped Substrate Integrated Waveguide-Based Antenna for X, Ku, K-Band Applications

Abstract

Low cost, miniaturization, and high gain are the most essential prerequisites for multiband antennas (MBA). Therefore, a tactical effort is made in this paper to realize a small-size MBA (X, Ku, K-band) with considerable gain. The E-shaped patch embedded in a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity contributes to the primary radiation. The E-shaped patch with defective ground structure (DGS) helps to achieve multiband operation. Two additional metallic vias are placed near the tapered position to improve the impedance matching as compared to conventional tapered microstrip transition. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) is developed to examine the resonant frequencies. The circuit elements are identified and tabulated with equivalent changes in the geometric parameters. The parametric variation using ECM and the full-EM model are presented. The SIW structure provides the advantage of improved gain and small cross-polarization levels. The proposed antenna size is 0.68 × 0.95 × 0.05 λ0 3. The performance parameters of the fabricated prototype are tested and found to exhibit the same behavior as depicted by simulated results. The measured peak gain at 10.29, 11.87, 14.15 and 19.36 GHz are 5, 6.5, 5.2, 5.92 dBi, respectively. The proposed structure finds applications in stringent radar applications and satellite communications in emergency circumstances (e.g. electronic news gathering (ENG) and satellite news gathering (SNG), television outside broadcast and electronic field production). This antenna also reveals the significant advantages of being lightweight and gain efficiency.