A Multi Representation Deep Learning Approach for Epileptic Seizure Detection

Abstract

Epileptic seizures, unpredictable in nature and potentially dangerous during activities like driving, pose significant risks to individual and public safety. Traditional diagnostic methods, which involve labour-intensive manual feature extraction from Electroencephalography (EEG) data, are being supplanted by automated deep learning frameworks. This paper introduces an automated epileptic seizure detection framework utilizing deep learning to bypass manual feature extraction. Our framework incorporates detailed pre-processing techniques: normalization via L2 normalization, filtering with an 80 Hz and 0,5 Hz Butterworth low-pass and high-pass filter, and a 50 Hz IIR Notch filter, channel selection based on standard deviation calculations and Mutual Information algorithm, and frequency domain transformation using FFT or STFT with Hann windows and 50% hop. We evaluated on two datasets: the first comprising 4 canines and 8 patients with 2.299 ictal, 23.445 interictal, and 32.915 test data, 400-5000Hz sampling rate across 16-72 channels; the second dataset, intended for testing, 733 icatal, 4.314 interictal, and 1908 test data, each 10 minutes long, recorded at 400Hz across 16 channels. Three deep learning architectures were assessed: CNN, LSTM, and a hybrid CNN-LSTM model-stems from their demonstrated efficacy in handling the complex nature of EEG data. Each model offers unique strengths, with the CNN excelling in spatial feature extraction, LSTM in temporal dynamics, and the hybrid model combining these advantages. The CNN model, comprising 31 layers, yielded highest accuracy, achieving 91% on the first dataset (precision 92%, recall 91%, F1-score 91%) and 82% on the second dataset using a 30-second threshold. This threshold was chosen for its clinical relevance. The research advances epileptic seizure detection using deep learning, indicating a promising direction for future medical technology. Future work will focus on expanding dataset diversity and refining methodologies to build upon these foundational results.