Abstract
ABSTRACT The Nan’ao No. I shipwreck, dating back to the Wanli period of China's Ming Dynasty (1573–1620 CE), was discovered in the South China Sea, from which a large number of ceramics was meticulously excavated. This study employs a comprehensive multi-method approach, encompassing techniques such as multispectral imaging, microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FTIR) spectroscopy, near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, to investigate the ferruginous concretions found on the ceramic sherds from the Nan’ao I shipwreck. The findings reveal that these concretions are predominantly distributed across defective areas of the ceramic surfaces, including pitted and cracked regions. The primary constituents of the concretions are identified as goethite, hematite, and lepidocrocite, with the varying proportions of these components potentially contributing to the differing colors of the concretions. Furthermore, iron sulfides may also play a significant role in the composition of the concretions.
Published Version
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