Abstract
A tree-shaped graphene-based microstrip multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for terahertz applications is proposed. The proposed MIMO antenna is designed on a 600 × 300 μm2 polyimide substrate. The designed MIMO antenna provides a wide impedance bandwidth of 88.14% (0.276–0.711 THz) due to the suggested modifications in the antenna configuration. The MIMO design parameters like total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG), channel capacity loss (CCL) are evaluated, and their values are found within acceptable limits. The proposed MIMO structure offers MEG ≤ − 3.0 dB, TARC ≤ − 10.0 dB, DG ≈ 10 dB, CCL < 0.5 bps/Hz/s and ECC < 0.01 at the resonant frequency. At the resonant frequency, the isolation between the radiating elements of the proposed MIMO antenna is recorded as − 52 dB. The variations in operating frequency and S-parameters are also analyzed as a function of the chemical potential (μc) of the graphene material. The parametric analysis, structural design evolution steps, surface current distribution, antenna characteristics parameters and diversity parameters are discussed in detail in this paper. The designed MIMO antenna is suitable for high-speed short-distance communication, video-rate imaging, biomedical imaging, sensing and security scanning in the THz frequency band.
Highlights
Over the last few decades, the modern trend of wireless communication shows increasing demand for faster data rates and as a result, an astounding evolution has been witnessed in the field of wireless communication technology [1]
In order to ensure the compatibility of the designed wideband THz antenna in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) applications, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), channel capacity loss (CCL) and mean effective gain (MEG) parameters are evaluated and discussed
It is clear from the comparison table that the proposed antenna offers broader impedance bandwidth and requires the smallest dimension as compared with reported single element THz antenna structures [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32], multi-layered THz array antenna structure [33], and recently reported MIMO antenna structures [34,35]
Summary
Over the last few decades, the modern trend of wireless communication shows increasing demand for faster data rates and as a result, an astounding evolution has been witnessed in the field of wireless communication technology [1]. These reported THz antenna structures show improvement in operating bandwidth at cost of a larger antenna dimension The authors of these reported papers designed only single antenna element for single input single output wireless communication systems and these reported wideband single element THz antennas face the challenge of fading for high speed short-range wireless applications at THz frequency band. In the front plane of the geometry, another three ellipses are introduced within the patches which resemble a tree-shaped and in the backplane, individual monopole ground planes are used to provide major improvements in bandwidth, reflection coefficient, and isolation values At this final stage, the resonant frequency is shifted to a lower size and the proposed antenna resonates at 0.472 THz with S11 of – 38.43 dB and S21 of – 52.86 dB.
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