A Literature Survey: Data Gathering Instrument and Method Selection Framework

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While there are several data gathering instruments and methods in the literature, the choice of which combination to use in the digital period is highly complex. The quality of the data gathered determines the reliability and acceptability levels of the research results and recommendations. The research examined the available data gathering instruments and methods to assess their adequacy to meet the requirements of the researchers in the current digital, pandemic, and epidemic period. The study applied a cross-sectional literature survey and gathered primary and secondary qualitative and quantitative data for analysis. The study found that most researchers preferred the questionnaire as a data gathering instrument. The research also found that surveys, observation, interviews, focus group discussions, and document and record analysis are the most preferred data gathering methods. The study noted that several digital platforms have been developed to gather data online. However, there is a demand for more instruments and methods for gathering research data in the current digital period. The research proposed a matrix for selecting the appropriate combination of data gathering methods and instruments for the studies. The research suggested a framework for selecting appropriate data gathering methods and instruments for different studies. The researchers can use the framework to guide them in choosing the instruments and methods for gathering the research data.