A holistic methodology for the assessment of Heritage Digital Twin applied to Portuguese case studies

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Digital Twin (DT) is an emerging technology that may improve and facilitate various processes. Multiple definitions and concepts have been developed throughout various fields, which demand consolidation and reorganisation. Heritage buildings are complex assets, yet the need for their preservation is undeniable. The safeguarding of such resources may benefit from the advantages DT offer, nevertheless the relation between both subjects could use further exploring. This work consisted in the development of an evaluation methodology named Heritage Digital Twin (HDT), composed by four attributes determined by the relation between DT and built heritage, which also demanded a brief revision of the concepts and primary elements of the DT concept, as well as previous DT evaluation frameworks. Three Portuguese case studies were used to exemplify the application of the methodology at different scales (in size, relevance and DT complexity). The application examples proved the methodology is able to provide an easy and effortless HDT assessment, allowing a simple yet meaningful indication of the development of each attribute. Heritage-related actions are still limited following the virtual-to-physical communication, in contrast with operative actions, which causes HDT to rely on human intercession. The framework successfully considered built heritage limitations, providing an inclusive approach. Nonetheless, the constant advancements in technology might change the perspective for HDT in the future.