Abstract
The usually constrained resources and lossy links scenarios of Internet of Things (IoT) applications require specific protocol suite, as the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). Due to its flexibility, RPL can support efficiently vertical applications such as environmental monitoring, smart city and Industry 4.0. In this paper, we propose a new Objective Function (OF) for RPL based on a composite metric considering jointly the residual energy of a node (parent) together with the energy that a neighbor node (child) can transfer to the parent according to the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) concept. Specifically, we consider simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique, which enables both the energy harvesting and information decoding from the same radio frequency (RF) signal, in order to influence the selection of the best path according to the proposed energy efficient metric in RPL. Performance evaluation on a realistic scenario pointed out a remarkable energy saving to prolong the network lifetime, by selecting the best path toward the sink node, with respect to the OFs usually considered in the literature.
Highlights
Billions of “smart” objects are going to be connected to each other and in Internet according to the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm
We consider simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique, which enables both the energy harvesting and information decoding from the same radio frequency (RF) signal, in order to influence the selection of the best path according to the proposed energy efficient metric in RPL
We focused on a worst case condition, where devices are not allowed to be in sleep mode, as it usually happens for emergency situation
Summary
Billions of “smart” objects are going to be connected to each other and in Internet according to the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. To achieve this goal, a novel OF for RPL is proposed, which is based on a composite metric combining (i) the energy consumption of intermediate nodes, due to sensing/data processing and to transmission/receiving modes, and (ii) the quantity of recharging available from the received power of a child node. A novel OF for RPL is proposed, which is based on a composite metric combining (i) the energy consumption of intermediate nodes, due to sensing/data processing and to transmission/receiving modes, and (ii) the quantity of recharging available from the received power of a child node This novel OF, called in the following OF2, can avoid that more loaded nodes spend their energy more intensively than other nodes, e.g., mainly the nodes closer to the root node. Actuator Netw. 2021, 10, 6 and outlines the differences of some related works with respect to this paper; Section 4 shows the proposed scenario; in Section 5, the proposed OF for energy-harvesting RPL is described; Section 6 validates the proposed OF by means of numerical results, and in Section 7, the conclusions are drawn
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