Abstract
This article proposes a differential voltage-based scheme to identify the faulted line in the transmission system. Initially, the placement of phasor measurement unit (PMU) is carried out. Based on the PMU placement, three subnetwork types are evaluated. Further, a differential voltage-based algorithm is applied to each subnetwork in a system. The tripping decisions for each dependent subnetwork are carried out in steps by providing separate timer settings for them. The load encroachment and fault conditions for a particular case is distinguished by applying modified distance relaying and sequence component-based algorithms to the proposed differential voltage-based scheme. Extensive tests are carried out for several fault and stressed conditions on a New England 39-bus system on MATLAB/Simulink platform. The proposed scheme is also validated for different test cases on a modified WSCC 9-bus system on real-time digital simulator platform for assessing its ability to perform in real time.
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