Abstract
Postmodernism, born under western secular conditions, has the following characteristics: it emphasizes pluralism and relativism and rejects any certain belief and absolute value; it conflicts with essentialism, and considers human identity to be a social construct; it rejects the idea that values are based on developmental realities and also rejects the essential influence of human actions on human destiny. Using a descriptive method, this research will provide a critical examination of postmodernism based on moral and religious values education. In educational goals, postmodernism emphasizes the institutionalization of pluralism, the strengthening of self-organized morality in learners and in educational principles, avoiding dogmatism, fighting against systematicity and emphasizing on individual freedoms. In educational methods, it emphasizes learner-centered discourse, serious attention to the marginalized people, and the denial of pattern-based ability. Postmodernism, despite enjoying a series of strong points, such as “fighting against globalization”, “fighting against scientism” and “emphasizing dynamism”, has many weaknesses too. The most important one of them is the intellectual failure and an overt contradiction with thought, ignorance of certain realities and knowledge, and the existence of intrinsic and constant values.
Highlights
Postmodernism is one of intellectual currents that had the greatest prominence in and effect on various areas including education in the contemporary era
Postmodernism, born under western secular conditions, has the following characteristics: it emphasizes pluralism and relativism and rejects any certain belief and absolute value; it conflicts with essentialism, and considers human identity to be a social construct; it rejects the idea that values are based on developmental realities and rejects the essential influence of human actions on human destiny
Postmodernists emphasize the acceptance of relative attitudes towards the universe, knowledge and the existence of no absolutely true value and knowledge; this means that they deny their own theory as paradoxical, but the truth is that they made an ideology out of postmodernism and are practically trapped in dogmatism and totalitarianism
Summary
Postmodernism is one of intellectual currents that had the greatest prominence in and effect on various areas including education in the contemporary era. Since this thought appeared out of the age of information, it was not limited to the West but extended to various regions across the globe including Islamic countries. Postmodernism is not a systematic school of thought whose intellectual framework and educational implications can be precisely and definitively expressed, but as the nature of this movement requires, it constantly changes form and contains different trends. There is controversy in the definition of postmodernism and its relation with modernism regarding a precise determination of its pioneers and branches and its educational implications in particular
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