Abstract
Abstract This paper presents a new approach for long-term reactive power investment planning and operation using a multiperiod mixed-integer stochastic convex model, where load uncertainty is also included. The risk of not meeting the load with a certain level of confidence due to a reactive power deficit is represented by chance constraints. Tap settings of under-load tap-changing transformers are modeled as a set of mixed-integer linear equations. Existing and new discrete and continuous reactive power sources are modeled. These type of problem is challenging and have never been studied before. The proposed model is applied to the CIGRE-32 electric power system.
Highlights
Cervical dentin hypersensitivity, the most common cause of reversible pulpitis of the dental pulp [1,2,3], is a common clinical problem encountered by adult patients [4,5]
Reduction in dentin permeability involves the use of dentin tubule blocking agents such as potassium oxalate, calcium phosphates, arginine-calcium carbonate or dental adhesive materials [28,29,30,31,32]
When a 50% cut-off was applied to the data from these two time periods (Fig 2), only TM when applied 3X was capable of consistently reducing dentin permeability by 50%
Summary
The most common cause of reversible pulpitis of the dental pulp [1,2,3], is a common clinical problem encountered by adult patients [4,5] This painful clinical condition affects 4–74% of the general population [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20], more so in patients with periodontal diseases [21,22,23]. Penetration of the varnish base into the dentinal tubules, in turn, helps to impede dentinal fluid movement, and to release high concentrations of fluoride ions to produce intratubular calcium fluoride or fluoroapatite, thereby blocking the dentinal tubules [41]
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