A continuous training approach for risk informed supplier selection and order allocation

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ABSTRACT Supplier selection and order allocation, a longstanding challenge in supply chain management, has recently begun incorporating risk minimization alongside cost, reflecting growing interest in supply chain resilience and risk mitigation. In response, hybrid frameworks leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning have emerged. However, current methods often lack mechanisms to update decisions over time and typically rely solely on demand forecasts. To address these gaps, this study introduces a new hybrid approach that integrates machine learning–based predictions of supplier delivery delays into a linear programming model for multiperiod supplier selection and order allocation. Additionally, the proposed method evaluates a continuous training strategy, wherein predictions and decisions are refreshed as new data become available. Empirical evidence from an automotive case study demonstrates that this approach reduces prediction errors and total costs more effectively than models without continuous training, albeit with increased order allocation instability.