Abstract

The potential value of multiplexed positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in mice with turpentine-induced inflammation was evaluated and compared with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) for glucose metabolism imaging. These PET tracers included [18F]fluoromethylcholine ([18F]FCH) for choline metabolism imaging, (S-[11C]methyl)-D-cysteine ([11C]DMCYS) for amino acid metabolism imaging, [11C]bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) ([11C]DPA-Zn2+) for apoptosis imaging, 2-(4-N-[11C]-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole ([11C]PIB) for β amyloid binding imaging, and [18F]fluoride (18F−) for bone metabolism imaging. In mice with turpentine-induced inflammation mice, the biodistribution of all the tracers mentioned above at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min postinjection was determined. Also, the time-course curves of the tracer uptake ratios for inflammatory thigh muscle (IM) to normal uninflammatory thigh muscle (NM), IM to blood (BL), IM to brain (BR), and IM to liver (LI) were acquired, respectively. Moreover, PET imaging with the tracers within 60 min postinjection on a clinical PET/CT scanner was also conducted. [18F]FDG and 18F− showed relatively higher uptake ratios for IM to NM, IM to BL, IM to BR, and IM to LI than [18F]FCH, [11C]DPA-Zn2+, [11C]DMCYS and [11C]PIB, which were highly consistent with the results delineated in PET images. The results demonstrate that 18F− seems to be a potential PET tracer for inflammation imaging. [18F]FCH and [11C]DMCYS, with lower accumulation in inflammatory tissue than [18F]FDG, are not good PET tracers for inflammation imaging. As a promising inflammatory tracer, the chemical structure of [11C]DPA-Zn2+ needs to be further optimized.

Highlights

  • The potential value of multiplexed positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in mice with turpentine-induced inflammation was evaluated and compared with

  • The results demonstrate that 18F− seems to be a potential PET tracer for Molecules 2012, 17 inflammation imaging. [18F]FCH and [11C]DMCYS, with lower accumulation in inflammatory tissue than [18F]FDG, are not good PET tracers for inflammation imaging

  • The uncorrected radiochemical yield of [11C]DMCYS from 11CH3I was more than 50% and the total synthesis time from 11CO2 was about 12 min

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Summary

Introduction

2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) has been widely used as a glucose metabolism tracer for the diagnosis of various diseases and treatment evaluation in positron emission tomography (PET). Only a few agents are used for inflammation imaging As a choline metabolism tracer [11], and 2-(4-N-[11C]methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole ([11C]PIB) as a β-amyloid-targeted tracer [12], have been used for clinical PET imaging for several years. Though high uptake of [18F]FCH in inflammatory tissues was found [11], inflammation imaging with 18F−, [11C]PIB, [11C]DPA-Zn2+, and [11C]DMCYS was not reported. Perhaps one of these tracers can provide novel data and expect to improve the differentiating accuracy of tumor from inflammation. We estimate potential application of the multiple tracers (18F-, [18F]FCH, [11C]PIB, [11C]DPA-Zn2+, and [11C]DMCYS) in PET imaging of mice with turpentine-induced inflammation and compared them with [18F]FDG

PET Tracers
Biodistribution of Multiple Tracers
Inflammation PET Imaging with Multiple Tracers
Tracer Uptake Ratio-Time Curves
Histopathologic Findings of Inflammation
Generals
Radiosynthesis of PET Tracers
Inflammatory Mice Models
Time-Course of Tracer Uptake Ratios
Histopathological Analysis
Conclusions
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