A comparative study on the various alternative materials for fine aggregate in concrete

Abstract

At present, concrete is an important construction material for every infrastructure because of mechanization and enlargement. Increasing population puts a lot of pressure on civil engineers to develop cost-effective and eco-friendly infrastructure. Concrete is made of binding material (cement or lime), coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and water in various proportions. Building industry has been impacted by fine aggregate availability due to its shortage in quantity from the sources. That necessitated the development of new alternative material to replace the fine aggregate in order to reduce the environmental harm. Numerous researchers are finding different materials to replace fine aggregate such as Cenosphere, Vermiculite, Ceramic Waste, Egg Shell, Walnut Shell, etc which is made up of waste and used as the partial replacement of fine aggregate. In this study, the researchers have reviewed previous researches on the use of other waste materials and concluded that Cenosphere being used as partial replacement of fine aggregate, that produce lightweight concrete.