Abstract
Water supply facilities are vulnerable to extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods. To establish a sustainable solution that resists accidents and disasters, a distributed system is required. To supply high-quality tap water using the existing water-supply network, rechlorination facilities must be installed to secure residual chlorine at the pipe end. In this study, a process is developed to determine the injection points and dosages of rechlorination using the latest pressure-driven analysis. The method was compared to the results of demand driven analysis methods. The proposed model was applied to P City in Korea to draw results. A detailed evaluation was performed to study how water pressure head and demand-based hydraulic and water quality analysis results impact the injection points and dosages of rechlorination. Thus, the existing demand-based model shows significant spatial deviations in the pressure head in the presence of water pressure drops, which subsequently lead to over-estimation of chlorine injection dosages for maintaining the concentration of residual chlorine. However, the proposed model involves a numerically validated theory and draws more reasonable results for hydraulic, water quality, and rechlorination dosages. The proposed model can be used as a decision-making tool based on hydraulic analysis for the supply of water of a stable quality.
Highlights
Global climate change has resulted in frequent floods and extreme droughts, and accelerates urbanization
This leads to a situation where the available amount of water supply in the system decreases as the amount of water source decreases, and the residual chlorine concentration in the system increases, as opposed to normal conditions
It was shown that the change in the available amount of supply greatly affected the water-quality analysis result in the case of pressure-driven analysis (PDA)
Summary
Global climate change has resulted in frequent floods and extreme droughts, and accelerates urbanization. Aging infrastructure has led to a higher probability of man-made accidents. In this context, the maintenance of a city’s sustainability functions against natural and man-made disasters is an important issue. Water-supply networks (WSN) provide the infrastructure that supplies consumers with treated potable water, which must be provided with the correct volume, pressure, and quality. Any occurrence of poor water quality directly impacts human life. A variety of water-quality issues in pipelines can arise. Direct damage to pipelines caused by man-made accidents, terrorist attacks, earthquakes, etc. There can be shortages of raw water because of drought and residual chlorine concentrations (i.e., disinfection)
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