Abstract

<p>本論文從禮貌理論(politeness theory)的觀點,分析在日語對話中,日語母語人士和台灣人日語學習者在行使「請託」和「拒絕」時,所使用的「禮貌體否定型」,即「~ません(か)」及「~ないです(か)」的使用現況。研究結果發現如下三項。(Ⅰ)本研究發現,針對母語人士的對話,在過去的研究之中,被認為「ません」用的比較多的「請託」、「要求確認」以及「かもしれない」,會因為其FTA中較低的D數值(社會關係)之緣由,使得「ないです」的使用頻率增加。再者,(Ⅱ)本研究發現,母語人士在行使「積極禮貌策略:例如,「回答」的場合」和「非公開策略(off-record strategy):例如,「間接拒絕」及「間接不同意」的場合」,以「ないです」的使用為多。另一方面,(Ⅲ)透過與母語人士進行比較,本研究發現學習者「ません」用的比較多的原因如下。首先,不管FTA的D數值的高低,當學習者面對上位者時,其「ません」的使用意識相當強烈;另外,在行使「請託」時,「ません」定型文的用法相當多(如「いただけませんか」);再者,與母語人士相反,學習者並沒有意識到「ないです」會多用在「積極禮貌策略」和「非公開策略」的談話策略裡。</p> <p> </p><p>This paper analyzes, from the politeness theory perspective, the current situation of the use of honorific-negative form, “~ません(か)”and “~ないです(か),” used by native Japanese speakers and Taiwanese Japanese learners in the exercise of request and refusal in Japanese conversations. The results of the study were as follows. (Ⅰ) this study found that the frequency of “ないです” was increased due to the lower D-value (social relationship) in the FTA. (II) this study found that native speakers used “ないです” more frequently when exercising “positive politeness” and “off-record strategy.” (Ⅲ) this study found the following reasons why learners used “ません” more often. Firstly, the learners’ awareness of using “ません” was quite strong when they were facing the superior. Secondly, the set phrase “ません(e.g., いただけませんか)” were used quite a lot, and furthermore, the learners were not aware of the fact that“ないです”would be used more in the positive politeness and off-record strategy.</p> <p> </p>

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