Abstract
Hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress are crucial pathophysiological mechanisms for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, we examined the effect of a combination of flaxseed oil (FO) and astaxanthin (ASX) on hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fat diet. ASX was dissolved in flaxseed oil (1 g/kg; FO + ASX). Animals were fed diets containing 20% fat, where the source was lard, or 75% lard and 25% FO + ASX, or 50% lard and 50% FO + ASX, or FO + ASX, for 10 weeks. Substitution of lard with FO + ASX reduced steatosis and reduced hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol. The combination of FO and ASX significantly decreased hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase but increased peroxisome proliferator activated receptor expression. FO + ASX significantly suppressed fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase but induced carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 and acyl CoA oxidase expression. FO + ASX also significantly elevated hepatic SOD, CAT and GPx activity and GSH, and markedly reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation. Thus, FO and ASX may reduce NAFLD by reversing hepatic steatosis and reducing lipid accumulation and oxidative stress.
Highlights
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes benign hepatic steatosis and cirrhosis, has been shown to be associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia and type II diabetes [1,2]
ALA can compete with linoleic acid to reduce arachidonic acid or act as a precursor for longer chain n-3 PUFAs, or it can directly interact with nuclear receptors and ion channels to produce positive effects [8]
Western blot was performed with the following antibodies: β-actin mAb (#3700, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) pAb, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1)
Summary
Jiqu Xu 1,2,3,† , Shuang Rong 4,† , Hui Gao 5 , Chang Chen 6,7 , Wei Yang 5 , Qianchun Deng 1,2,3 , Qingde Huang 1,2,3 , Lingyun Xiao 8 and Fenghong Huang 1,2,3, *. Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, 2 Xudong. Functional Oil Laboratory Associated by Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural.
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