Abstract
Recently, wireless energy transfer technology becomes a popular way to address energy shortage in wireless sensor networks. The capacity of the mobile wireless charging car (WCV) and the wireless channel between the WCV and the sensor are two important factors influencing the energy efficiency of the wireless sensor network, which has not been well considered. In this paper, we study the energy efficiency of a wireless rechargeable sensor network charged by a finite capacity WCV through an imperfect wireless channel. To estimate the energy efficiency, we first propose a new metric named waste rate, which is defined as a function of the charging channel quality. Then, energy efficiency optimization is modeled as minimizing the waste rate. Through optimizing the distance between the WCV and sensor nodes, the set of optimal charging sensor nodes is obtained. By using the Hamiltonian circle, the nearest neighbor algorithm is proposed to find the traveling path of the WCV. Furthermore, to avoid the untimely death of sensor nodes and the coverage hole, an extended node dynamic replacement strategy is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the waste rate and the total charging time; i.e., the sum of traveling time and charging delay can be significantly reduced, which indicates that the proposed algorithm can improve the energy efficiency of the network.
Highlights
We propose an extended node dynamic replacement strategy, which can avoid the death of uncharged sensor nodes and coverage holes
To better measure the energy efficiency of the wireless charging vehicle (WCV), we innovatively propose the concept of waste rate, which can be used in maximizing the efficiency of wireless charging at each node
We first and the capacity of WCV on the number of chargeable sensor nodes in a charging cycle
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a wide range of applications, such as military surveillance, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, smart home, etc. [1,2,3]. In the wireless rechargeable sensor network (WRSN), a wireless energy transfer technology realized by a mobile wireless charging vehicle (WCV) is applied to power sensor nodes. We study the use of the WCV to replenish energy to sensor nodes in WRSNs. Some works have been done on the wireless sensor network with wireless energy transfer technology. As the wireless energy transferring is over the wireless channel, the charging efficiency is sensitive to the Charging Channel Quality (CCQ) This factor has not been considered in the above works. The WRSN is charged by a WCV which has limited capacity, at the same time, the influence of the CCQ on the energy replenishment of the sensor node is considered. An algorithm is proposed to minimize the waste rate through finding optimal charging sensor nodes
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