A binary-heteroatom doped 3D multimode carbonaceous hybrids for high performance quasi-solid-state sodium dual-ion batteries

Abstract

Carbonaceous materials have drawn immense attention for electrode materials of dual-ion batteries. However, they are hindered by the limited capacity due to the volume expansion during electrolyte ions extraction and insertion in the electrode materials. Here, 3D multimode carbonaceous nanocomposite with the inherent nitrogen content (12.22%) and sulfur content (0.93%) was successfully prepared consisting of the 0D carbon nanosphere on the surface of 2D the reduced graphene oxide intercalating into 1D carbon fiber gallery. The 3DMC-NS delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 353.5 mA h g−1 as anode and 140.9 mAh g−1 as cathode at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 owning to unique structure and abundant structural defects which contribute to rapid ion transport kinetics during electrochemical reactions. The 3DMC-NS based quasi-solid-state sodium dual-ion batteries promotes a stable reversible capacity of about 73.2 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.05 mA g−1, and a superior capacity retention of 89.6% at 0.5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. These results in enhanced the specific capacity of 3DMC-NS as bi-functional electrode which is coincided by density functional theory calculations owing to high adsorption energy and low diffusion barrier of carries. This investigation will render a feasible fantastic structure design to enhance the reaction kinetics of electrolyte ions for advanced electrode materials and promote the development of quasi-solid-state sodium dual-ion batteries.