The landscape of energy storage: Insights into carbon electrode materials and future directions

Abstract

Research in the field of electrode materials for supercapacitors and batteries has significantly increased due to the rising demand for efficient energy storage solutions to facilitate the transition towards renewable energy sources. This enhances the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and safety of energy storage devices, ultimately encouraging the widespread adoption of clean energy technology. The advancements in electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors hold the potential to revolutionize the energy storage industry by enabling enhanced efficiency, prolonged durability, accelerated charging and discharging rates, and increased power capabilities. These advancements can address the limitations of current electrode materials, such as limited storage capacities and insufficient durability during repeated cycling in conducting polymers. Scientists are working hard to overcome the restrictions and fully utilize the capabilities of energy storage devices by exploring other materials, such as activated carbon compounds and carbon materials with added impurities. Doping and surface modification enhance the pseudocapacitance, pore size, structure, conductivity, and several other properties of carbonaceous materials. Active carbons are most appropriate to be used as carbonaceous electrodes because they are easily available, low-cost, chemically inert, and highly conducting. Functionalization of nanoparticles is one of the attractive approaches for enhancing the performance of electrode materials that consists of modifying its characteristics on the surface and also improving its conductivity. The efficacy of both rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors in storing electrochemical energy is highly contingent on the properties of the electrode materials. Researchers are investigating combining carbon composites with nanomaterials, such as metal oxides and polymers, to create hybrid electrode materials that have complementary characteristics. This article provides valuable insights into the ever-changing landscape of carbon electrode materials and energy storage.