9 - Multifunctional polymer nanocomposites for industrial applications

Abstract

Publisher Summary The development of composite materials with nanostructured reinforcements is well documented; such composites may have metallic, ceramic or polymeric matrices and be developed in bulk or thin film form. Reinforcements are often chosen to improve the structural performance of the composite without compromising other properties though in some cases it is possible to enhance both structural and functional properties considerably. That has led to emerging applications in a number of industries, particularly the automotive and sports goods industries. For textile applications, polymer matrix composites are the most relevant. In polymer nanocomposites, the reinforcements are typically selected to increase the strength of the material and many workers have demonstrated the benefits of adding exfoliated clays, nanoparticles, and even carbon nanotubes. The major problems arise in ensuring reliability of processing and achieving a uniform dispersion and distribution of the reinforcement. This chapter discusses the development of nanocomposites for mechanical, tribological, and fire-protection applications. Multifunctional nanocomposite materials can be produced by combining a range of nanoscale reinforcement materials with a polymer matrix. Given the knowledge of the performance requirements of a given application, it is possible to design a composite with a range of functionalities necessary for successful operation. However, processing of the composite remains a key factor in success and in particular ensuring a uniform dispersion of reinforcement is critical to reliable performance. There are many potential textile applications of multifunctional composite materials ranging from self-cleaning, water-resistant and fire-retardant fibers, to novel coloration schemes and fabrics with improved toughness and feel. However, much work is necessary to make such applications a reality.