Abstract
Extracellular nanovesicles (30–150nm), also known as exosomes, can be isolated from a myriad of biological fluids, such as blood, saliva, amniotic fluid, and urine, allowing noninvasive diagnostic testing. Exosomes are ripe with molecular information similar as their originated cells (e.g., proteins and nucleic acids), all of which can be used for diagnostic purposes, particularly in tumor detection and identification. Various methods for isolating, collecting, and identifying tumor exosomes and markers are being developed and are becoming more widely available, such as microfluidics and ultracentrifuges. This chapter will explore the current diagnostic potentials of exosomes that are enabled by the state-of-the-art isolation approaches.
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