Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes represent a new opportunity for cancer management through liquid biopsies. EVs carry cell-specific biomarkers, which can be exploited as a minimally invasive means to probe the molecular status of tumors. Despite their clinical potential, simple, reliable and sensitive detection and molecular profiling of EVs has been challenging. Thus, there is a clear need to develop next-generation sensing technologies for sensitive and robust EV detection and analysis. In this Chapter, we describe three nanotechnology platforms developed for analysis of EV proteins and RNAs directly from clinical specimens. We discuss their sensing principles, performance in characterizing EVs, clinical applications, and future development to facilitate their translation into routine clinical use.
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