Abstract
The distribution and formation of surface oxidants in ambient air are discussed. As oxidant precursors are emitted worldwide, oxidant pollution is a ubiquitous phenomenon from a global perspective; as surface oxidants are produced on a timescale of within a week, regional control is effective in reducing oxidant pollution. Observations of surface O3 episodes and long-term trends in various locations of the world are discussed. The effects of surface O3 pollution on human health, vegetation, and crops are summarized. Ozone control efforts in the USA, especially in California, are presented using examples of the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station (PAMS) system, emission programs, and regulatory O3 modeling. The latter is elaborated by using examples evaluating a new chemical mechanism with chamber experiments on O3 formation, multicolumn O3 simulations, and three-dimensional O3 simulations. Finally, current issues on surface oxidants are considered.
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