Abstract
This chapter provides a critical review of the developments of three-dimensional (3D) nonwovens. Two types of nonwovens are commonly referred to as 3D: those with significant thickness or high bulk and other shell structures with a 3D contour. High-bulk nonwovens are relatively more developed and are commercially produced for applications such as insulation products and absorbents. 3D shell structures, especially those with textile characteristics, are still in the development stage. Because of the difficulty in achieving a good strength and softness combination, nonwovens have not had much success in the general apparel field. 3D shell structures are also likely to be used mainly for disposable applications, lining and interlining products. 3D nonwovens can also be used for composite reinforcements.
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