Abstract
3D textiles, which have grown in importance since 1980, have 3D forms either in overall shape or in multilayer internal structure or both. They may be woven, braided, knitted, nonwoven, stitched, embroidered or in new special forms and may be used as flexible fabrics or rigid composites. Diverse uses include aerospace, automotive, military, sport, medical, protection, filtration, paper-making and geotextiles. There are opportunities in construction. For the future, a current engineering CAD culture needs to be developed, the market expanded in both specialist, high-performance and less demanding high-volume applications, and reliable sources of supply established.
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