7 - Drug Smuggling via Maritime Cargo, Containers, and Vessels

Abstract

The majority of illegal drugs smuggled from their points of cultivation and/or production to transnational markets of consumption are transported via maritime cargo, containers, and vessels, and this criminal activity presents a significant challenge to the targeted seaports and commercial vessels. The methods and techniques used to smuggle drugs via maritime cargo and conveyances are extensive, difficult to detect, and ingenious in design and variation. In this chapter, we review illegal drug origins and production, maritime smuggling routes and trends, and maritime smuggling methods and techniques, to include the continuously evolving narco submarines. We also discuss the surges in the production of heroin in Afghanistan and Mexico, and cocaine in Colombia between 2013 and 2015, which has dramatically increased the overall available tonnage for shipment to consumer markets. Additionally, we review the use of “front companies” and free trade zones to facilitate drug smuggling by international criminal organizations.